Msaada na unywaji

Kuna uhusiano gani kati ya unywaji pombe na unyanyasaji wa majumbani?

Uyansajaji wa majumbani inahusisha mchanganyiko tata wa hatari. Wakati Kuna chama haramu Baadhi unyanyasaji wa majumbani na pombe, vurugu pia hutokea kutokana na kukosekana kwa kunywa. Hapa ni nini unahitaji kufahamu.
Kuna uhusiano gani kati ya unywaji pombe na unyanyasaji wa majumbani?
Kuna uhusiano gani kati ya unywaji pombe na unyanyasaji wa majumbani?

Uyanzajaji wa majumbani hutokea Katika nchi zote na utamaduni, na kijamii na kiuchumi huathiri Kila kikundi. Ikiwa ni pamoja na matumizi mabaya ya mwili na akili unaofanywa dhidi wapenzi wao, watoto na familia wazee, lakini bila usawa huathiri wanawake na watoto kama waathirika. Shirika la Afya Duniani linakadiria kuwa vurugu ndani mpenzi (IPV) inachangia tatu ya kila unyanyasaji wa wanawake duniani kote (1) na katika baadhi ya nchi, karibu nusu ya wanawake wote uzoefu unyanyasaji wa majumbani wamekwenda (2, 3).

Inaonyesha Utafiti kwamba masuala ya utu, mitazamo ya kitamaduni, kanuni jinsia, na kukosekana kwa usawa wa kijamii na kiuchumi ni Baadhi ya wachangiaji wakuu na unyanyasaji wa majumbani (4-6). Kuna kiungo pia kinyume cha sheria unyanyasaji wa majumbani na Matatizo afya ya akili (5, 7, 8), na kiwango cha maambukizi ya ugonjwa wa afya ya akili kati ya Wahusika wa ghasia ni ya juu. (7)

Kuna chama haramu Baadhi unyanyasaji wa majumbani na matumizi mabaya ya pombe na dutu nyingine. Lakini migogoro ya nyumbani pia hutokea kutokana na kukosekana kwa kunywa na mkubwa katika Baadhi ya Nchi wapi kunywa ni marufuku (1, 3, 9, 10).

Ushahidi wa ushiriki wa pombe na IPV, na mahusiano yake na mambo mengine hatari, ni gumu (11-13). Kwa mujibu wa wale wanaofanya kazi katika ndani ya kuzuia unyanyasaji, kunywa pombe peke haina kusababisha vurugu. Watu wengi wasio kunywa vibaya wenzao na familia au Kuwa fujo kwa wengine, na abusers pia ni katika vurugu wakati kiasi (14-16).

Hata hivyo, pombe hupunguza kudhibitisha na Baadhi ya watu wanaweza Kuwa vurugu au matusi wakati Kunywa kupita kiasi wao (17-19). Mafunzo Pendekeza kwamba uwezekano wa matatizo ya neva kutokana na matumizi mabaya ya pombe na aina nyingine ya maumivu ya ubongo inaweza kuwa, kati ya IPV Wahalifu zaidi ya wale watu wa kawaida (20). utamaduni wa 'sumu uume' ni pia sababu muhimu katika migogoro ya nyumbani (21) na inaweza kuhusishwa na matumizi mabaya ya pombe (22).

Utafiti uliofanywa Katika nchi na utamaduni Je Found Higher Viwango vya matumizi mabaya ya pombe miongoni mwa waathirika wa unyanyasaji wa majumbani (23).

Wakati wa janga la Covid-19, kumekuwa na ongezeko la unyanyasaji wa nyumbani kwani vizuizi vimefanya iwe vigumu kwa waathiriwa wengi kuwatoroka wanaowanyanyasa (24, 25). Wakati Baadhi ya utafiti Je Taarifa kuongezeka kwa madawa ya kulevya, ikiwa ni pamoja na matumizi mabaya ya pombe, wakati wa janga, ni wazi kama kuna uhusiano wa moja kwa moja ya wawili kinyume cha sheria (25).

Vurugu za nyumbani hazina sababu moja - inajumuisha mchanganyiko tata wa sababu tofauti za hatari. Unyanyasaji wa pombe kamwe sio kisingizio kinachokubalika kwa vurugu za nyumbani, kwa hali yoyote. Ikiwa unafahamu kuwa unakabiliwa na athari za vurugu au unapata shida kudhibiti hasira yako, ni bora kuzuia kunywa pombe na kutafuta msaada wa wataalamu.

Ikiwa wewe ni mwathirika wa unyanyasaji wa nyumbani au una sababu ya kuamini kwamba mtu mwingine anaweza kuwa, msaada unapatikana. Makazi ya wanawake wa eneo hilo, huduma za watoto na nambari za usaidizi za unyanyasaji zinaweza kutoa mwongozo na usaidizi.

Taarifa hizi zinaweza kuwa za msaada kwa mtu yeyote aliyepo nchini Kenya au Tanzania.

Namba ya Msaada kwa ajili ya masuala ya unyanyasaji majumbani:
https://www.nationaldahelpline.org.uk/
References
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  2. Kazzaz, Y.M., et al., The epidemiology of domestic violence in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review. . International Journal of Public Health, 2019. 64: p. 1223-1232.
  3. World Health Organization (WHO). Global Health Observatory data: Violence against women.
  4. World Health Organization (WHO). Violence info. 2017; Available from:
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  6. Vanderende, K.E., et al., Community-level correlates of intimate partner violence against women globally: a systematic review. Soc Sci Med, 2012. 75(7): p. 1143-55.
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  11. Lee, K.A., C.L. Bright, and G. Betz, Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), Alcohol Use in Adulthood, and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Perpetration by Black Men: A Systematic Review. Trauma Violence Abuse, 2020: p. 1524838020953101.
  12. Bacchus, L.J., et al., Recent intimate partner violence against women and health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMJ Open, 2018. 8(7): p. e019995.
  13. Choenni, V., A. Hammink, and D. van de Mheen, Association Between Substance Use and the Perpetration of Family Violence in Industrialized Countries: A Systematic Review. Trauma Violence Abuse, 2017. 18(1): p. 37-50.
  14. National Domestic Abuse Helpline. Myths and excuses. 2020; Available from:
  15. DomesticShelters.org. Why we can't blame abuse on alcohol. 2020;
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  18. Källmén, H. and R. Gustafson, Alcohol and disinhibition. Eur Addict Res, 1998. 4(4): p. 150-62.
  19. World Health Organization (WHO), Global status report on violence prevention 2014. 2014, WHO: Geneva.
  20. Romero-Martinez, A. and L. Moya-Albiol, Neuropsychology of pepetrators of domestic violence: the role of traumatic brain injury and alcohol abuse and/or dependence. Revista Neurologia, 2013. 57: p. 515-522.
  21. Moore, T.M. and G.L. Stuart, A review of the literature on masculinity and partner violence. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 2005. 6: p. 46-61.
  22. Rivera, A. and J. Scholar, Traditional masculinity: a review of toxicity rooted in social norms and gender socialization. . Advances in Nursing Science, 2020. 43: p. E1-E10.
  23. Devries, K.M., et al., Intimate partner violence victimization and alcohol consumption in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction, 2014. 109(3): p. 379-91.
  24. Fatke, B., et al., [COVID-19 Crisis: Early Observations on a Pandemic's Psychiatric Problems]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr, 2020. 145(10): p. 675-681.
  25. Abdo, C., et al., Domestic violence and substance abuse during COVID19: A systematic review. Indian J Psychiatry, 2020. 62(Suppl 3): p. S337-s342.

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